Automatic carbine



June 2, 1953 G. F. GREBEY AUTOMATIC CARBINE Filed Jan. 28, 1947 5 Sheetjs-Sheet 1 INVENTOR. EEDREE F' EREEEY .ATTRNEY June 2, 1953 G. F. GREBEY AUTOMATIC CARBINE S sheets-sheet 2 Filed Jan. 28, 1947" INVENTOR. BEURER' F EREBEX ATTURNEY June 2 1953 G. F. GRI-:BEY

' AUTOMATIC CARBINE 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 @www .v "INVENTOR F EIREBEY EURE?.

ATTURNEY June 2, 1953 G. F. @i-:BEY

AUTOMATIC CARBINE 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Jan. 28, 1947 @www im@ im@ im da@ INVHVTOR. EEUREF. F BREBEY Mmmm HT TURNEY June 2, 1953 G. lF. GREBEY AUTOMATIC CARBINE Filed Jan. 28, 1947 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 A NVENTOR. EEDRGF. F EREBEY bv m2. vm Nm E mum mmm mw ATTURNEY Patented June 2, 1953 IUNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE AUTOMATIC CARBINE George F. Grebey, Portsmouth, R. I.

Application January 28, 1947, Serial No. 724,740

6 Claims.

The present invention relates to an automatic carbine, especially designed for sporting use, an object of the invention being to provide a carbine type firearm of relatively light weight and high power in which standard pistol or other suitable ammunition may be efectually used. The ammunition may for instance be .357 Magnum pistol ammunition.

It is particularly proposed to provide a rearm of relatively streamline design which will .be free of movable projecting parts, such as the bolt lever employed in certain types of nrearms, and which will also be free of exposed openings in which mud or dirt may collect and affect the mechanical functioning of the iirearm, and in particular in which the cartridge ejecting opening will be sealed in the'closed position of the bolt. To this end it is proposed to provide openings in the receiver and in the bolt retracting slide, which register in the retracted position of the slide to permit the cartridge to be ejected, and which'are offset sealed relation in the projected Vposition of the slide. Another object is to provide a bolt adapted to have rectilinear closing `and .opening movement without rotary movement, and which effectually eliminates firing jam, such as is often evident in iirearms utilizing the rotating bolt method.

Another object is to provide effective means for preventing premature firing, and to this end it is proposed to provide a hammer lock mechanism, which is in positive locking relation at all times except when the bolt is in its closed locked position ready for firing, the releasing of the hammer lock mechanism being controlled by direct action of the bolt as the latter is moved into its locking position.

Another object is to provide hammer, trigger and firing mechanism parts contained in a sealed unit which may be quickly and conveniently installed or removed, thus enabling the user of the firearm to readily replace the unit, in the field if necessary, should such parts become damaged or ivorn. A further object is to provide a repeater type firearm which is readily adapted for either manual opening or pump action of the bolt, or automatic opening. In the case of automatic opening, it is proposed to provide a barrel attachment in the form of an improved gas accuminator, it being proposed to provide in such accumulator a series of gas accumulator chambers coaxial with the bore of the barrel and through which. vcorrosion is eliminated to a great extent andinuzzle blast is reduced, thereby silencing the k1firearm to a substantial degree.

"-""""With the above and other objects in view, an

embodiment of the invention is shown in the accompanying drawings, and this embodiment will be hereinafter more fully described with reference thereto, and the invention will be finally pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is the top plan view of the automatic carbine, according to the illustrated exemplary embodiment of the invention. y

Fig. 2 is a side elevation thereof, a portion of the stock being shown in vertical section.

Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical sectional view, taken along the line 3-3 of Fig. 2,

Fig. 4 is a longitudinal vertical sectional view, taken along the line 4--4 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary view, partially in side elevation and partially in vertical section, showing the gas accumulator attachment for automatic opening of the bolt.

Fig. 6 is a side elevation of the receiver and barrel group or assembly.`

Fig. 6-A is a view, partially in side elevation and partially in longitudinal vertical section, showing the construction of the barrel.

Fig. 6-B is a transverse sectional view, taken along the line G-B-G-B of Fig. 6-A.

Fig. 7 is a side elevation of the upper hand guard member.

Fig. 8 is a side elevation of the lower stock member.

Fig. 9 is a side elevation of the bolt.

Fig. 10 is a front end view of the bolt, on an enlarged scale.

Fig. 11 is a side elevation of the hammer, trigger and ring mechanism unit.

Fig. 12 is a side elevation of the slide unit for retracting the bolt.

Fig. 13 is a top plan view of the slide.

Fig. 14 is a front end view of the slide.

Fig. l5 is a transverse vertical sectional view, taken along the line Iii-I5 of Fig. 12.l

Fig. 16 is a side elevation of the cartridge clip.

Fig. 17 is a front elevation thereof.

Fig. 18 is a detailed fragmentary view, on an enlarged scale, showing the hammer, trigger and ring mechanism in its position ready for firing, and showing the bolt in its projected and locked position.

Fig. 19 is a longitudinal horizontal sectional view, taken along the line lli-I9 of Fig. 18.

Fig. 2'0 is a transverse vertical sectional view, taken along the line 25J-20 of Fig. 18.

Fig. 21 is a side elevation of the body portion of the casing for the hammer, trigger and firing mechanism parts.

Fig. 22 is an end View thereof.

Fig. 23 is a plan view thereof.

Fig. 24 is a side elevation of the cover plate of the casing.

Fig. 25 is an end View thereof.

Fig. 26 is a top plan View thereof.

Fig. 27 is a side elevation of the trigger guard.

Fig. 28 is a top plan view thereof.

Fig. 29 is a side view of the trigger spring.

Fig. 29a is .a top view of the trigger spring.

Fig. 3.0 iis `a .side View of the scar member.

Fig. 30a is a front view of the sear member.

Fig. 3l is a side view of the trigger member.

Fig. 31a is a front view of the trigger member.

Fig. 32 is a side view of the trigger control member.

Fig. 32a is a top View of the trigger control bar member.

Fig. 33 is a side View of the hammer looking lever member.

Fig. 33a is a top view of the hammer-locking lever member.

Fig. 34 is a side `View of the safety 'latch bar member.

Fig. 34a is a top view yof the safety latch Ibar member.

Fig. 35 is a side View of the safety latch A operating lever.

Fig. '35a is a front viewof the safety latch 'bar operating lever.

Fig. 36 -is la lview partially i-n side elevati-on and partially inver-tical section, showing the hammer, trigger andr-ing mechanism `in its fired position, the bolt being shown-in longitudinal vertical section, and the :firing pin being shown driven for wardly by the hammer.

Fig. 37 is a view, partially side elevation and partially in vertical section, and Vwith pats broken awa-y, showing the slide and the bolt in their fully retracted and open position with the hammer moved to its cooking position and with the cartridge ejection openings of the receiver and slide in registering relation.

"Similar reference characters indie-ate cor-re sponding parts throughout the several iigures the drawings.

Referring tothe drawings, the rearrn, according tothe illustrated exemplary embodiment of the invention, Lcomprises a receiver and barrel group or assembly, shown disassembled from` the rearm in Fig. 6, the receiver part ii] having the barrel part 'il .connected 'thereto by a threaded connection l2, lthe barrel part 4being provided at its end adjacent `the receiver part with a downwardly extending lug i3, of substantially Irectangular form, secured to the forward end of the receiver part by means of a illister head screw ill. A guide tube 2,5 for the recoil spring, hereinafter more fully referred to, is secured in a Docket yItheilug i;3 `by means of a pin il.

The receiver part is of substantially semiu cylindrical form ,along its upper external surface and is provided internally with a 'bolt receiving guide Vchannel 1,8 having vertical side walls and a horizontal .top wall, thus forming a channel of substantially rectangular cross-section for guiding .the substantially square bolt, as will presently more vfully appear. The channel opens downwardly for receiving the hammer and trigger unit and the cartridge clip unit, the side walls of the receiver being extended downwardly for this purpose and -having la transverse wall portion it dividing the hammer, trigger and firing mechanism unit receiving portion, defined by a slot opening 2G, and the cartridge clip vreceiving portion, defined by a slot opening 2i, the forward .wall of 4 this latter slot opening being formed by the for-v ward closed end of the receiver disposed directly below the threaded connection I2.

In the upper portion of the receiver there is provided in one side Wall substantially in line with the slot opening 2l, a cartridge ejection opening 22 and rearwardly of this ejection opening there are provided in the opposed side walls guide slots 2li- 2.3 for the bolt. At the rearward A end ,of the receiver part, there is pro-vided a downwardly inclined lug 2t for attaching the stock, as will hereinafter more fully appear. A rear sight unit 25, of any suitable type, is mount ed upon `the upper side of the rearward end of the receiver part and the front sight unit 2E, of any suitable type, is mounted upon the for- Ward end ...0f the barrel.

` The bolt, indicated generally as ifi, and shown in disassembled relationin Figs. 9 and l() and in plan and sectional views in Figs. i9 and 36, coniprises a rearward portion 2:3 of substantially square cross-section anda forward 4z iortion .219 of substantially cylindrical cross-section, the `"lower side of the portion 29, however, vbeing at a slight angle to the lower side of the portion 2.3 .and .to the upper side of the .entire length ofthe bolt, which is parallel to the underside of the portion 2&3. Thus, in the forwardly Amoved closed ,and locked position of the bolt, .as shown in Fig. 36, the underside .of the portion 2,9 is 'parallel 'to the axis of the barrel, while the upper .surface .of the bolt and the lower side'of the portion :22S-,are at a downwardly inclined angle thereto, while, in the open position ofthe :bol-t, its upper surface and the lower surface ofthe portient 4.are paralulel to the axis of the barrel, and to. the .guide channel it of the receiver, as shown in ,537.

A firing in rod Sil, having .a firing pin f3! at its forward end, is engaged in a guide passage 32 in the bolt, the axis of .this passage 'being .eoaxial with the axis yof the -barrel in the forward closed and locked position of the bolt, .as shown in Fig. 36. The firing pin 3i is .engaged in a reduced diameter forward .end portion t3 .of ,the passage, a spring 'ill being provided .about the firing pin between the forward .end of the firing pin rod and the forward .end of the passage 32 to exert retracting force thereon, kthe projeeting and retracting movement of theiiri-ng pin being limited by a set screw 35 enga-ged in notch provided in the firing pin rod. A vtransversepin 3"! is engaged through a passage 3.9 inthe bolt. as shown in Fig. 20, and is secured by set screws iid-3S, a notch ill being 'formed centrally in the pin to provide a clearance space for the :tiring pin rod. The ends of this pin Si' project at eac-li side of the bolt outwardly through gui-de clots 23 of the receiver andare adaptedY to 'be'engaged with the action slide member to control the look ing and unlocking movement of the bolt, as Awill hereinafter more fully appear.

At the forward end of the-bolt there is pro vided a forwardly projected semi-circular rim fil adapted to position the base of the cartridge, and at the outer side of the forward end there! is scoured in a recess @2 by `means of a screw 43 `an extractor tooth member lill which engages Awithin the extractor groove of the cartridge. At the opposed inner side ofthe bolt there is `provided a slot '655 extending substantially the full length of the portion 39 and terminating in an upwardly extending entrance portion 46. This slot isen-V gaged by an ejector pin il screwed in the `channel i8 ofthe receiver, and adapted as the boltreaches its open position to engage 'the base of the 'head screws 5|.

cartridge held `at 'its opposed side by the extrac- "assembly unit includes a casing consisting of a body member 49, shown in Fig. 2l, and a cover member 50 shown in Fig. 24, the cover member being secured to the casing member by lister The mechanism contained in the casingV will be hereinafter more fully described, but, for convenience in description, the form of the casing and its assembly with the receiver will be described at this point. The casing is of substantially rectangular form and is adapted to slide upwardly in the slot opening 20 of the receiver, where it is secured by transverse pins 52 and 53 engaged through holes 54 in the side walls of the receiver and holes 55 in the body and cover portions of the casing. The upper side of the casing is formed by an upper wall portion 56 of the body portion, which is provided at its rearward end with an upwardly extending projection 51 fitting within the rearward end of the bolt channel I8, the upper side of this wall, forwardly of the projection 51, extending in horizontal relation, as at 58, to van intermediate locking abutment 59 with which the rearward end of the bolt is adapted to lock, the upper surface of the case forwardly from this step being inclined upwardly, as at 33, so as to support the bolt in its closed and locked position, as shown in `Fig. 18. The vertical distance between the horizontal upper surface 58 of the casing and the upper horizontal wall of the bolt channel i8 corresponds to the vertical dimension of the substantially square rearward portion 28 of the bolt, so that in the raised open position of the bolt, the latter has rectilinear sliding movement between these horizontal surfaces of the channel and the cas- The upper wall 56 of the casing is provided along the horizontal portion 58 with a hammer slot opening 6l and along the inclined portion 60 adjacent to the abutment 59 with a slot opening 62 in which the lug 48 of the bolt engages in the locked position as shown in Fig. 18. A clearance groove 63 for the lug 48 is provided between the abutment 59 and the slot 6I.

An action slide, shown in detail in Figs. 12 to 15, is assembled for rectilinear sliding moverment upon the receiver and barrel, and consists of an upper elongated yoke member 64, of inverted U-shape in cross-section, having a pair of forwardly extending arms 65-65, to the forward ends of which there is secured a lower compression head member 66, of trough-like form. The head member is provided at its rearward end with recessed ears 51-51, in which the forward ends of the arms 65 are engaged and secured by screws 68. The yoke member isprovided at suitably spaced points along the interior of eac'h of its side walls with inwardly offset downwardly extending guide lugs 69, while the head member is provided with inwardly extending rearward guide lugs -10 and forward guide lugs 1l-1i, the guide lugs of the head member being in a horizontal plane which is upwardly offset with action slide.

respect to the horizontal plane of the guide lugs of the yoke member.

The receiver is provided at its sides with longitudinal guide slots 12--12 for sliding engagement of the guide lugs 69 of the yoke member, ylongitudinal ledge portions 13-13 being provided outwardly of the slots for sliding support of the lower edges of the yoke member. IThe barrel is provided at each side with longitudinal grooved guide rails 15-15 for sliding engagement of the guide lugs 10 and 1l of the head member, the guide rails being in a horizontal plane which is upwardly offset with respect to the horizontal plane of the guide slots 12. The action slide is assembled with the receiver and barrel assembly by engaging it thereon from the forward end and sliding it rearwardly, the guide lugs 69 of the yoke member being rst engaged in the forward open ends of the guide slots 12 at each side of the lug I3 beneath the upwardly offset guide rails 15 of the barrel, the guide lugs 1B and 1I of the head member being at the same time engaged with the grooved guide rails 15.

The head slide member 56 is provided with a front wall portion 1'6 in which is secured a guide rod 11 for the forward end of the recoil spring 18, its rearward end being engaged within the tube l5. Knurled pads 19-15 are secured to the arms 65 near their forward ends to provide convenient hand grips for manual retraction of the slide member.

YAdjacent to its forward end the yoke slide portion 64 is provided at one side with a cartridge ejecting slot opening 85, which in the forward bolt locking position of the action slide is forwardly offset from the cartridge ejecting opening 22 of the receiver, so that both openings are completely closed `and sealed. In the rearward bolt opening position of the action slide, the opening registers with the opening 22, so that the fired cartridge may be ejected there through. A clearance notch 5l is provided at the rearward end of the yoke slide member 54 so as to clear the rear sizht 25 in the retracted position.

The -side walls of the yoke slide member are provided with transversely opposed enlargements 132-82, each having a circular threaded opening 83 in which is screwed a threaded cam disc 84, fixed in place by a set screw 85. and having at its inner side a cam groove 88 disposed at a 45 angle. The cam grooves of the two opposed cam discs are engaged by the ends of the transverse pin 31 of the bolt, and are adapted to impart vertical swinging movement to the bolt to engage the rearward end of the bolt with the abutment 59 at the completion of the forward bolt closing movement of the action slide, and to swing the bolt upwardly to disengage it from the abutment at the beginning of the rearward bolt opening movement of the Thus, in the forward position of the action slide and bolt, as seen in Fig. 18, the pin 31 is at the lower ends of the cam slots. As rearward bolt opening force is applied to the action slide, the pin is raised in the cam slots bringing the square end of the rearward end of the bolt into line with the square guide channel of the receiver, the bolt being thereupon moved rectilinearly to-the open position shown in Fig. 37. As the action slide moves forwardly under the force of the recoil spring 18, the transverse bolt pin 31'remains in the upper end of the cam slots until the bolt reaches its forward limit of movement,` its Vrearward-end at this pointbeing inline with -the locking abutment `sage of the receiver. the casing there is provided a .tooth formation f Itfwhereuiion the .continued forward .force of the action slide forces the pin downwardly in the cam slots engaging the end .of the bolt in locking relation with the abutment. As the locking abutment is .directly under the end of the bolt, the bolt is assisted in its locking action -to a certain extent by gravity,

While the barrel ll may .be produced by any satisfactory methods, it is preferably constructed, as shown in Figs. G-A and 64B, by providing the barrel lla as a substantially cylindrical bored and rifled part having a lilange Hb ads'acent the receiver engaging thread I2, and which is engaged with a snug and Aclose nt in a sleeve Hc, upon which the lug I3 and the longitudnalgude rails `'i5-lil are integrally formed. This construction permits the barrel to be turned for head space adjustment without throwing the vguide rails out kof alignment with the rest .of the action. In practice such adjustment would be made by inserting shim washers on the thread between the barrel and the receiver.

The cartridge clip comprises an elongated rectangular casing `8l vhaving a `closure plate 88 at its lower end removably secured by means .of

lugs 89, and having at its upper end a relatively thickened portion St adapted :to be inserted within the slot opening .2l of the receiver, .this thickened portion preferably'having slots 9 1 cut therein to reduce the weight ofthe clip. Within a the clip there is disposed a follower 92 .and a spring 93 to press the .cartridges upwardly, so that -they feed automatically into the bolt pas- Upon the forward side of -94 which .engages `in a verticalgroove S5 in the forward wall ci .the slot opening 2|, and is adapted to be releasably vretained byfmeans of a latch device.

The latch deviceconsists .oi a cylindrical rod .Se slidably'engaged in a cylindrical passage 9TH in-the receiver and having at its outer end an upwardly projectedknurled thumb v piece 93 con nected to agili-dc bolt .9,9 screwed therein and slidably engaged in a passage I inthe receiver, 5

.the .head of the bolt'loeing -disposedin .a5-pocket lul at the opposed side ofthe receiver. from the ltnurled thumbpieoe to ,limitthje outward .movement of therod 96, oatwardpressnre kbeing ex .erted 'tlrsereon by a spring 1.02 disposed in the passage iii between the end of the rodand the base of the passage. The rod isprovided with la retaining tooth portion :m3-which .is vnormally in .line with thelgroove 415 izo-engage .the tooth it@ of the cartridgeclip to retain .this .retaining tooth having at its underside an incl-inedstriker face IM adapted as the ...clip is inserted .to be engaged by thetooth .94 to cam thelatch .in-

wardly., whereuponthe retaining tooth automatically engages .beneath .thetooth SUI under the projecting 1torce .of the spring .152. Guti. wardly adjacentthe tooth m3,. the .latch rod :is provided with ia iat releasing portionV .l E35, adapted to be broughtinto register with the groove .915

by pressing inwardly upon thethumb ,piece .of

its forward `flange .end 4IDT in a groovedstock ferrule 1118, secured to the barrel .Il by a retaining Din IBS fitting within a notch il!) in the underside of the barrel. The `rearward end of the stock is secured by a screw lll engaged in the lug .24 vof the receiver, which seats in a recess H2 of the stock, the .screw being engaged with a nut H3 secured in the stock. An upper hand guard H4, also formed of walnut or other suitable material, has its forward flangedend H5 engaged with the stock ferrule Ilia and encloses .the upper side of the rearward portion .of the barrel, being suitably recessed to engage over the barrel. Slots llt-|16 are provided at the sides of the hand guard in which are engaged the knurled hand grip pads 19 of the bolt retractng slide, the knurledsurfaces of these pads projecting slightly beyond the side surfaces of the hand guard so that they may be conveniently eng-aged by the thumb and ngers to retract the slide.

The hammer, trigger and ring mechanism is housed and sealed within the casing formed by the body member 9 and the cover member 5t, these members being provided with a plurality -o suitably ypositioned registering holes lll and l I8 in which the retaining and pivot pinsof .the

.several parts of the mechanismare engaged and stantially U-shaped trigger spring receiving recess IE5.

The Sear 525, shown in detail `inFig. 30, is

`pivotally mounted in the slotted support 121i of ,the trigger guard by means of a pin I2?. engaging va hole i228 in the sear, and is normalh7 pressed in `counter-.clockwise .direction .by a 'helvical spring [29 disposed in a pocket 136 of the ltrigger guard and engaged lwith a pin itl procasing by vmeans of a pin ist, and is normally pressed in clockwise vdirection by a spring rod l3"'i,'seated at its forward end in a-pocket 533 of the hammer, and having engaged thereon a helical spring E39, disposed between'a shoulder Mii of the rod andthe apertured wall portion ifll oi the casing through which the rearward end of the rod is slidably engaged. An abutment shoulder M2 isprovided upon the forward side of the hub portion of the hammer for engagement by the scar in thecocked position of the hammenas shown in Fig. 18. The scar is adapted to automaticallyengage the .abutment shoulder under the lpressure of the .spring E29, as the hammer is moved, through the opening movement of the bolt, from its firing position,

.as shown in Figure 36, toits cooking position,

as shown in 37, the opening movement of the bolt causing the lug 138 of the bolt to force the hammer slightly beyond its cocked position sothat thev sear falls into place in front of the abutment shoulder, .the forward movement of theboltallowing the hammer to thereuponmove into its cocked position, as Sh-own, in Fig. 18.

Y the sear.

The trigger |43, shown in detail in Fig. 31, is pivotally mounted within the trigger guard space by means of a pin |44 engaging a hole |45 of the trigger. The upper portion of the trigger within the casing is provided with a slot |46 in which the vscar is adapted to move, and is provided at its upper end with a cross-pin |41 which interlockingly engages va notch |48 of the trigger control bar |49, shown in detail in Fig. 32. This trigger control bar has rectilinear sliding movement in a channel |50 provided in the casing and is limited in such movement by a pin engaging a slot |52 of the bar. At its rear end the bar is provided with a shoulder |53 engaged forwardly `of the tooth pawl |33 of A U-sh'aped trigger spring |54 positioned in the recess |25 of the trigger guard engages the inclined abutment surface |55 of the trigger, normally pressing the trigger in counterclockwise direction and the trigger control bar |49 rearwardly. Thus, clockwise movement of the trigger forces the trigger control bar forwardly, causing the sear to `be swung in clockwise direction to release the hammer.

y In the ordinary operation of the firearm, the 1 sear |26 may have the pawl |33 fixedly associated therewith. However, the pawl |33 is preferably movably mounted so that it may yield forwardly in the event that the trigger is held back by the finger after firing with the trigger control bar |49 forwardly, while at the same time the bolt is opened and the hammer moved to cocked position with the sear in its hammer retaining position. In this case the trigger control bar, when released by disengagement of the .r

nger from the trigger, will be permitted to move rearwardly into engagement behind the pawl, the pawl yielding to permit the shoulder |53 of the trigger control bar to move past it.

Above the trigger control bar |49 there is provided a hammer locking lever |56, shown in detail in Fig. 33, pivotally mounted by means of a pin |51 engaging a hole |58 in the lever.- The rearwardly extending upper arm of this lever is provided with a contact end portion |59 disposed in the slot l62 'of the casing, in position to be engaged and depressed by the lug 48 of the bolt in the locked position of the bolt, while its forwardly extending lower arm is provided at its end with a claw |60. This -claw is in position to lockingly engage a notch |6| provided in the upper surface of the trigger control bar |49 in the open position of the bolt, as 'shown in Fig. 37, the Yclaw being swung upwardly out of engagement with the notch in the closed and locked position of the bolt, as shown in Fig. 18. A helical spring |`62 exerts `downward pressure upon the claw end of the hammer locking lever to normally press the contact end |59 upwardly, this spring being positioned in ya cylindrical passage formed by semi-cylindrical grooves |63 and |64 in the respective body portion 49 and cover porti-on 50V of the casing, a retaining screw |65 being screwed in a threaded hole |66 in the upper wall of the casing to retain the upper end of the spring. Engagement of the hammer locking lever with the trigger `control bar, as shown in Fig. 37, prevents prematurering of the firearm at all times except when the bolt is in its fully closed locked ring position, as shown in Fig. 18.

Beneath the trigger control bar |49 there is provided a safety locking 'bar |61, shown in detail in Fig. 34, slidably engaged for rectilinear movement in a groove |68 of the casing, the

rearward end of `this locking bar extending into the groove |46 of the trigger and being normally disposed in opposed spaced relation to the forward side of the sear |26. A safety lever |69, shown in detail in Fig. 35, is pivotally mounted at its upper end upon the pin I 5|, being provided at its upper end with a, hole |10 for engagement with the pin. Below the hole |10 there is provided a slot |1| engaged by a pin |12 in the side surface of the safety locking bar |61, the lower end of the lever projecting into the exposed trigger guard space and being provided with a finger engaging end |13 for its convenient manipulation. Space is provided for the positioning of the safety lever beneath the cover plate 50 of the casing by Vproviding a recess |14 in the trigger control .bar |49, a recess |15 in the safety locking bar |61, a recess |16 in the outer edge surface of the trigger spring |54, and a recess |11 in the trigger guard. In the ring or release position of the safety lever it is disposed in its forward position, as shown in full lines in Fig. 18, the rearward end of the locking bar being spaced forwardly from the Sear to permit its normal operation. In the safety locking position, the safety lever is moved rearwardlyf as shown by the dot-and-dashV lines in Fig. 18, where it is moved laterally into engagement with a locking notch |18, lateral pressure being exerted upon the lower endof the safety lever by a leaf spring |19 disposed in a pocket provided at the inner side of the cover member 50. Thus, as the safety lever is moved rearwardly to the safety position, it automatically drops into the notch |18 under the pressure of the spring |19. In order to release it, the trigger finger is rst pressed laterally against the end of the safety lever to disengage it from the notch |18, being then pressed forwardly to the releasing position, where it is frictionally retained by the pressure of the spring |19.

In Fig. 5 there is shown a gas accumulator attachment for the automatic opening of the bolt following each firing. This consists of a head |8| having a passage |82 in which the shouldered end portion |83 of the barrel is engaged and secured by a cross-pin |84 engaging a groove |85 in the barrel. The barrel in this case is preferably shorted than the barrel of the manually operated or pump-action firearm, so that the overall length of the barrel and the head |8| will be substantially the same as the barrel of the manually operated firearm. Within the passage |82 there is engaged a pair of cup-shaped baffle members |65 and |81 respectively provided with orifice` passages |68 and |89 in axial line with the bore of the barrel, these baffle members being secured by swedging the end surface of the head member over a shoulder of the forward baffle member, as at I9 'Ihe arrangement is such that two expansion chambers are provided at the end of the barrel of substantially greater diameter than the bore of the barrel and of the passages 88 and |89, which correspond in diameter to the bore of the barrel. These expansionchambers are connected by vent ducts |92 and |93 to horizontal duct |94, the rearward end of which is in line with the end of a piston |95, slidably engaged in a cylinder |98 screwed at its forward end in the head member |9|, and engaged at its rearward end in a passage |91 in the stock ferrule |08,the rearward end of the piston being engaged with an anvil formation |98 provided upon the forward end of the compression head member 66 ofthe action slide.

' In order to permit the slide to. be manually retracted,'there is provided upon the underside of the Amember 6,6 a pivoted linger lug |99 adapted for movement in a slot 2MB provided in the lower side of the stock` This nger is normally disposed in its raised inoperative position, as shown by the full lines, where it is releasably retained by a spring-pressed detent ball 2S! disposed in a pocket 25.32'r of the head member and' engaging a recess N3` in the hub of the nger lug. l'n its operating position, the finger lug is swung downwardly, as shown by the dot-and-d'ash lines.

In operation the combined action of the firing gases and the bullet causes the compressed gases to be expanded in the expansion chambers and to now into the vent ducts, forcing the piston rearwardly and moving the action slide to its retracted position to cause the bolt to automatically set the hammer in cocked position. The recoil spring 'i8 thereupon returns the action slide to tsunormal projected position. The increased diameter expansion chambers of the gas accumulator not only provide more effective pressure to retracty the action slide, but have the advantageous eiects of greatly reducing erosion and obstruction of the vent ducts and of' reducing muzzle blast.

I have illustrated and described preferred and satisfactory embodiments of the invention, but it will be understood that changes may be made therein, within the spirit and scope thereof, as defined in the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

' l.. ,In a firearm, a barrel, a receiver xedly secured to said barrel and` having a bolt guide channel in axial line with said barrel including an upper wall and side walls and having a downwardly extending open chamber below said bolt guide channel, a unit removably engaged in said open chamber having a top wall constituting the base of said channel, a bolt engaged in said channel for rectilinear movement between forward closed and rearward open positions, said top wall of said unit having a horizontal rearward guide wall portion in downwardly spaced parallel relation to said upper wall which in cooperation with said upper wall and side walls guides said bolt in its rectilinear closing and opening movement and having a forward downwardly oifset wall portion with respect to `which said bolt in its forward` closed position has transverse downward and upward movement respectivelyy into locking and unlocking positions, said top wall of said unit having a transverse locking abutment porn tion between its forward and rearward wall portions adapted to be engaged by said bolt in its transversely moved locked position,4 and said bolt being downwardly removable from said channel through said chamber upon removal of said unit, and an action slide cooperatively connected to said bolt to impart transverse and rectilinear movement thereto.

' 2. In a firearm, a barrel, a receiver having a bolt guide channel in axial line with said barrel including an upper wall and side walls and having' a downwardly vextending open chamber below said bolt guide channel, a unit removably engaged in said open chamber having a top wall constit'uting the base of said channel, a bolt engaged in said channel for rectilinear movement between forward closed and rearward open positions, said channel having a rearward guide portion for guiding said bolt in its rectilinear closing and opening movement and having a iorward locking portion relatively wider in a Vertical direction 12 than said rearward` portion wherein said.bolt-has up and down transverse` unlocking and locking movement, a locking abutment" carried by said top wall of said unit adapted to be engaged by said bolt in its downwardlyjmoved locked positionQsaid receiver having longitudinal slots in opposed side wallsA thereof, a rectilinearly movable action slide having side portions respectively engaged over said opposed side walls of said receiver, and boltactuating cam means connected to each of said side portions of' said slide extending through said slots and cooperatively connected to the opposed sides of said bolt adapted through rectilinear movement of said slide to impart transverse and Y rectilinear movementto said belt. Y 3. In a rearm, a barrel, a receiver having a bolt guide channel in axial line with said barrel including an upper wall and side wallseand having a downwardly extending open chamber below said bolt guide channel, a unit removably engaged in said chamber having a top wall consti-u tuting the base of said channel, a bolt engaged in said channel forv rectilinear movement between forward closed and rearward open positions, said channel having a rearward guide portion yfor guiding said bolt in its rectilinear closing and opening movement and having a forward locking portion relatively wider in a vertical direction than saidrearward portion wherein said bolt has transverse unlocking and locking movement, a locking abutment carried by said top wall of said unitA adapted to be engaged by said bolt in its transversely moved locked position, said receiver having longitudinal slots in opposed side walls thereof, an action slide having opposed sides en'n gaged exteriorly over said side walls 'of said re* ceiver for rectilinear movement thereon, pin and cam means respectively at opposed sides of said bolt extending through said' slots and cooperatively connected to saidv bolt and said opposed sides of said slide adapted through rectilinear movement of said slide to impart transverse movement tov said bolt in unlocking direction the beginning of' its retracting movement and in locking direction at the end. of its projecting movement.

in a firearm', albarrel, a receiver fixed to saidv barrel having a bolt guide channel in axial line with said barrel and having a wall forming one side of said channel, a bolt engaged in said channel for rectilinear movement between forward closed and rearward open positions, and an ac-v tion slide cooperatively connected to said bolt and engaged exteriorl'y of said receiver for rectilinear movement thereon between forward and rear ward positions, said wall of said receiver having a cartridge ejection opening, said action slide having a wall slidably engaged with said wall`l of said receiver and including a solid closure portion engaged over and closing said cartridge ejection opening inthe projected position of said action slide, and saidwall of said action slide having a cartridge ej ection: opening forwardly of said solid portion and in rectilinear line with said cartridge ejection opening ci" saidl receiver adapted to register with said cartridge ejection opening of the receiver in the retracted position of the slide.

5. In a firearm, a barrel, a receiver xed to said barrel having a bolt guide channel in axial line with said barrel including an upper wall and side Walls and having a downwardly extending'A open chamber below said vboltguid'e channel, a unit removably engaged in said open chamber having a top wall constituting the base of said channel, the external upper and side surfaces of said receiver being substantially in longitudinal flush relation with the adjacent external upper and side surfaces of said barrel, a bolt engaged in said channel for rectilinear movement between forward closed and rearward open positions, said top wall of said unit having a locking abutment with respect to which said bolt has transverse downward and upward movement respectively into locking and unlocking positions, and an action slide cooperatively connected to said bolt including a yoke member having upper and side portions engaged exteriorly of said external upper and side surfaces of said barrel and receiver for rectilinear movement thereon between forward and rearward positions, and a compression head portion connected to said side portions of said yoke member and disposed beneath said barrel and forwardly of said receiver, and recoil spring means disposed between said receiver and said compression head portion to impart projecting movement to said action slide.

`6. -In a rearm, a barrel, a receiver fixed to said barrel having a bolt guide channel in axial line with said barrel and having a wall forming a side of said channel, the external upper and side surfaces of said receiver being substantially in longitudinal ush relation with the adjacent external upper and side surfaces of said barrel, a bolt engaged in said channel of said receiver, an action slide cooperatively connected to said bolt including a yoke member having longitudinally extending upper and side portions engaged exteriorly of said external upper and side surfaces of said barrel and receiver for rectilinear movement thereon between forward and rearward positions, said wall of said receiver having a cartridge ejecting opening, one side portion of said yoke member being slidably engaged with said wall of said receiver and including a solid closure portion engaged over and closing said cartridge ejection opening in the projected position of said action slide, and having a cartridge ejection opening forwardly of said solid portion and in rectilinear line with said cartridge ejection opening of said receiver adapted to register with said car- 14 tridge ejection opening of the receiver in the retracted position of the slide, a pair of forwardly extending arms, one carried by each of said side portions, and a compression head portion connected to said arms and disposed beneath said barrel and forwardly of said receiver substantially medially between said arms, longitudinal guide means at each side of said receiver for sliding engagement by said yoke portion, and longitudinal guide means at each side of said barrel for sliding engagement by said compression head portion, said guide means of said receiver and said barrel each being open at their forward ends whereby said action slide is engageable therewith from the forward end of the rearm.

GEORGE F. GREBEY.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 252,241 Morris Jan. 10, 1882 544,660 Browning et al Aug. 20, 1895 785,974 McClean Mar. 28, 1905 834,354 Ashton Oct. 30, 1906 1,003,632 McClean Sept. 19, 1911 1,044,780 Hammond Nov. 19, 1912 1,423,358 Pedersen July 18, 1922 1,427,966 Nickle Sept. 5, 1922 1,534,486 Bang Apr. 21, 1925 1,738,751 Bluchdorn Dec. 10, 1929 1,878,038 Frommer Sept. 20, 1932 2,279,931 Swebilius Apr. 14, 1942 2,321,044 Roemer June 8 1943 2,356,726 Reising Aug. 22, 1944 2,373,622 Williams Apr. 10, 1945 2,377,703 Loomis June 5, 1945 2,402,735 Crockett June 25, 1946 2,474,180 Browning June 21, 1949 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 357,441 France Nov. 10, 1905 610,312 France June 5, 1926 538,344 Great Britain July 30, 1941 

